Process model based development of disassembly tools

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Disassembly processes require flexible tools for loosening and handling operations. Today, disassembly processes demand a great deal of manual labour and a vast variety of tools. Partly destructive tools which generate and use new acting surfaces are able to increase the economic viability owing to their flexibility and their promotion of the reuse of components. This article describes selected methods of acting surface generation and their application for prototypical tools.DFG, SFB 281, Demontagefabriken zur Rückgewinnung von Ressourcen in Produkt- und Materialkreisläufe

Hybrid optical coating design for omnidirectional antireflection purposes

We present a new design for an omnidirectional antireflection coating for the visible spectral range. In contrast to classical designs, it combines homogeneous layers and linear gradient index layers into one hybrid design with a full thickness of approximately 500nm. The coating may be practically produced based on silicon dioxide as low index material and niobium pentoxide as high index material, while intermediate indices may be obtained from corresponding mixtures

Biofunctionalization of Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles via Combined Nitroxide‐Mediated Polymerization and Nitroxide Exchange Reaction

Surface engineering of metal–organic framework nanoparticles (MOF NPs), and enabling their post-synthetic modulation that facilitates the formation of bio-interfaces has tremendous potential for diverse applications including therapeutics, imaging, biosensing, and drug-delivery systems. Despite the progress in MOF NPs synthesis, colloidal stability and homogeneous dispersity—a desirable property for biotechnological applications, stands as a critical obstacle and remains a challenging task. In this report, dynamic surfaces modification of MOF NPs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer is described using grafting-from PEGylation by employing nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) and inserting arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptides on the surface via a nitroxide exchange reaction (NER). The dynamic modification strategy enables tailoring PEG-grafted MOF NPs of the type UiO-66-NH2 with improved colloidal stability, and high dispersity, while the morphology and lattice crystallinity are strictly preserved. The interaction of PEG-grafted MOF NPs with human serum albumin (HSA) protein under physiological conditions is studied. The PEG-grafted colloidal MOF NPs adsorb less HSA protein than the uncoated ones. Therefore, the described approach increases the scope of bio-relevant applications of colloidal MOF NPs by reducing nonspecific interactions using NMP based PEGylation, while preserving the possibility to introduce targeting moieties via NER for specific interactions

PITX1 is a regulator of TERT expression in prostate cancer with prognostic power

Simple Summary Most prostate cancer is of an indolent form and is curable. However, some prostate cancer belongs to rather aggressive subtypes leading to metastasis and death, and immediate therapy is mandatory. However, for these, the therapeutic options are highly invasive, such as radical prostatectomy, radiation or brachytherapy. Hence, a precise diagnosis of these tumor subtypes is needed, and the thus far applied diagnostic means are insufficient for this. Besides this, for their endless cell divisions, prostate cancer cells need the enzyme telomerase to elongate their telomeres (chromatin endings). In this study, we developed a gene regulatory model based on large data from transcription profiles from prostate cancer and chromatin-immuno-precipitation studies. We identified the developmental regulator PITX1 regulating telomerase. Besides observing experimental evidence of PITX1′s functional role in telomerase regulation, we also found PITX1 serving as a prognostic marker, as concluded from an analysis of more than 15,000 prostate cancer samples. Abstract The current risk stratification in prostate cancer (PCa) is frequently insufficient to adequately predict disease development and outcome. One hallmark of cancer is telomere maintenance. For telomere maintenance, PCa cells exclusively employ telomerase, making it essential for this cancer entity. However, TERT, the catalytic protein component of the reverse transcriptase telomerase, itself does not suit as a prognostic marker for prostate cancer as it is rather low expressed. We investigated if, instead of TERT , transcription factors regulating TERT may suit as prognostic markers. To identify transcription factors regulating TERT , we developed and applied a new gene regulatory modeling strategy to a comprehensive transcriptome dataset of 445 primary PCa. Six transcription factors were predicted as TERT regulators, and most prominently, the developmental morphogenic factor PITX1. PITX1 expression positively correlated with telomere staining intensity in PCa tumor samples. Functional assays and chromatin immune-precipitation showed that PITX1 activates TERT expression in PCa cells. Clinically, we observed that PITX1 is an excellent prognostic marker, as concluded from an analysis of more than 15,000 PCa samples. PITX1 expression in tumor samples associated with (i) increased Ki67 expression indicating increased tumor growth, (ii) a worse prognosis, and (iii) correlated with telomere length

Observing Neutral Hydrogen Above Redshift 6: The "Global" Perspective

Above redshift 6, the dominant source of neutral hydrogen in the Universe shifts from localized clumps in and around galaxies and filaments to a pervasive, diffuse component of the intergalactic medium (IGM). This transition tracks the global neutral fraction of hydrogen in the IGM and can be studied, in principle, through the redshifted 21 cm hyperfine transition line. During the last half of the reionization epoch, the mean (global) brightness temperature of the redshifted 21 cm emission is proportional to the neutral fraction, but at earlier times (10 < z < 25), the mean brightness temperature should probe the spin temperature of neutral hydrogen in the IGM. Measuring the (of order 10 mK) mean brightness temperature of the redshifted 21 cm line as a function of frequency (and hence redshift) would chart the early evolution of galaxies through the heating and ionizing of the IGM by their stellar populations. Experiments are already underway to accomplish this task or, at least, provide basic constraints on the evolution of the mean brightness temperature. We provide a brief overview of one of these projects, the Experiment to the Detect the Global EOR Signature (EDGES), and discuss prospects for future results.Comment: From AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 1035, 2008, "The Evolution of Galaxies through the Neutral Hydrogen Window". 3 page

Event shapes in e+e- annihilation and deep inelastic scattering

This article reviews the status of event-shape studies in e+e- annihilation and DIS. It includes discussions of perturbative calculations, of various approaches to modelling hadronisation and of comparisons to data.Comment: Invited topical review for J.Phys.G; 40 pages; revised version corrects some nomenclatur

Study of Bc+B_c^+ decays to the K+K−π+K^+K^-\pi^+ final state and evidence for the decay Bc+→χc0π+B_c^+\to\chi_{c0}\pi^+

A study of $B_c^+\to K^+K^-\pi^+$ decays is performed for the first time using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at centre-of-mass energies of $7$ and $8$ TeV. Evidence for the decay $B_c^+\to\chi_{c0}(\to K^+K^-)\pi^+$ is reported with a significance of 4.0 standard deviations, resulting in the measurement of $\frac{\sigma(B_c^+)}{\sigma(B^+)}\times\mathcal{B}(B_c^+\to\chi_{c0}\pi^+)$ to be $(9.8^{+3.4}_{-3.0}(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.8(\mathrm{syst}))\times 10^{-6}$. Here $\mathcal{B}$ denotes a branching fraction while $\sigma(B_c^+)$ and $\sigma(B^+)$ are the production cross-sections for $B_c^+$ and $B^+$ mesons. An indication of $\bar b c$ weak annihilation is found for the region $m(K^-\pi^+)<1.834\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V\!/}c^2$, with a significance of 2.4 standard deviations.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-022.html, link to supplemental material inserted in the reference

Tongue immune compartment analysis reveals spatial macrophage heterogeneity

The tongue is a unique muscular organ situated in the oral cavity where it is involved in taste sensation, mastication, and articulation. As a barrier organ, which is constantly exposed to environmental pathogens, the tongue is expected to host an immune cell network ensuring local immune defence. However, the composition and the transcriptional landscape of the tongue immune system are currently not completely defined. Here, we characterised the tissue-resident immune compartment of the murine tongue during development, health and disease, combining single-cell RNA-sequencing with in situ immunophenotyping. We identified distinct local immune cell populations and described two specific subsets of tongue-resident macrophages occupying discrete anatomical niches. Cx3cr1(+) macrophages were located specifically in the highly innervated lamina propria beneath the tongue epidermis and at times in close proximity to fungiform papillae. Folr2(+) macrophages were detected in deeper muscular tissue. In silico analysis indicated that the two macrophage subsets originate from a common proliferative precursor during early postnatal development and responded differently to systemic LPS in vivo. Our description of the under-investigated tongue immune system sets a starting point to facilitate research on tongue immune-physiology and pathology including cancer and taste disorders